Sunday, November 30, 2014

CAN AGRA UNIVERSITY BE SAVED?
 
A TALE OF TWO UNIVERSITIES, ONE GOING TO DOGS, THE OTHER SCALING NEW HEIGHTS
 
The city has two universities, two models of high and low. The Agra University is going to dogs and the Dayalbagh deemed University scaling new heights of excellence each day.
 
Can anything be done to save Dr BR Ambedkar University, this is the question that everyone is asking today.
 
The state of higher education in UP is bad, in fact very bad.
 
Agra University, for past at least ten years has seen its lowest ebb. Founded in 1927, this mother university, one of the oldest in the country, has provided faculty for other universities, produced illustrious leaders like Choudhary Charan Singh, former president Shankar Dayal Sharma, Mulayam Singh Yadav and a long line of distinguished professionals in all fields.
 
Today it cries for help. Being a state university, central intervention may not be possible, but there are ways to handle the situation. The governor, who is the chancellor, can be persuaded to monitor its working.
 
In brief, the problems are as under: teachers have lost interest in teaching; its dinosaur-like size makes it unmanageable; campus spreads from Noida to Lucknow, with more than 500 affiliated colleges and enrolment of over seven lakh students; results are never announced in good time, examinations are neither fair, nor held within a specific time-frame; fake mark-sheets are available, anamolies in admissions to various courses included B Ed have been highlighted on a daily basis by the media, without any result; appointments are bogus; no promotion/transfer policy.
 
The state government has to decide to split the university into three. The SN Medical College founded in 1850 should be a new university with the famous Agra Mental Hospital under it. The RBS College should become a new agricultural university. This college founded in 1850, is the biggest in the country in terms of land assets. It has provided faculty to Pant Nagar and Pusa ICAR and to so many agricultural colleges, but its demand for upgradation as a university, has been turned down.
 
Also, colleges in Aligarh should be affiliated to local universities. Mathura colleges should be affiliated to the GLA University. We need a new university in Firozabad to take care of colleges in Mainpuri, Etah and neighbouring areas.
 
Each day there is some protest or dharna at the university gates. Suicide attempts have also been made in the past to highlight the state of non-functioning, but so far there has been no positive indication of any effort being made to bring the university back on rails.
 
Students are fed up. The VC and the registrar, have practically no idea how to wriggle out of the crisis. Corruption has infected every administrative department and the list of scams involving officials is becoming longer.
 
RAHUL BOSE IS THE AMBASSADOR OF THE DFC SCHOOL CHALLENGE
 
Agra/Ahmedabad July 21 (IANS)
 
Actor/activist Rahul Bose has been named the brand ambassador of the world's largest school competition Design for Change, launched by Kiran Bir Sethi six years ago in Ahmedabad.
 
According to Rahul Bose, DFC, is an award winning global movement led by children. "DFC uses Design Thinking through the four easy steps of Feel, Imagine, Do and share, to help children find new answers for challenges big and small, and thereby lead the change world over."
 
Bose said "from teaching their parents to read, stopping child marriages, cleaning up neighbourhoods to fixing potholes on the streets, preserving their cultural heritage, children are proving that they have what it takes to be able to design a future that is desired."
 
In the last five years, the DFC has enabled children in over 3000 schools in India to create a positive change in their immediate environment, involved participants from over 30 countries and collected over 10,000 stories on 16 diverse issues.
 
Talking to IANS, Nandini Sood, programme coordinator said the DFC offered a structured way to teach 21st century skills like leadership, communication, collaboration, critical and creative thinking in children. "They move from a mindset of CAN I to I CAN. Because super heroes are not in fairy tales ..They are in every child who says I CAN."
 
Kiran Bir Sethi, founder of DFC said there were 100 exciting prizes to be won. "The most compelling stories of change by children will be featured on www.satyamevjayate.in." Amar Chitra Katha will give away exciting gift hampers to 80 winning schools while Disney Play Centres will awarded to top 20 winning schools.
 
The last date for submission of entries is August 15. Stories in the form of reports have to reach by October 2 and the prizes would be announced on November 14. Best stories will be published in the annual book I CAN.
 
Details are available on www.dfcworld.com/india
 
 
IS  UP  SAFE  FOR  GIRLS?
By Brij Khandelwal

Agra July 21 (IANS)

Samajwadi Party supremo Mulayam Singh Yadav’s response to the increasing incidence of rapes in Uttar Pradesh has drawn caustic comments from social activists here.

Yadav two days ago had reacted saying sexual crimes in a state with 210 million people were not as alarming compared to some other states. Earlier too, Yadav had been taken to task for his casual comment “ladke hain, galtiyan ho jati hain.”

A retired police official (not wanting to be identified) told IANS “the actual number of crimes was much higher than projected, as most middle and upper class families hesitated lodging formal complaints. Of late of course the trend has changed and now more young girls are coming forward to speak out their minds.”

Political workers have called Mulayam’s comment in bad taste and one that would only encourage the rapists.

The Samajwadi Party is adopting an ostritch-like stance, not reading the writing on the wall, says activist Shravan Kumar Singh. “In last few days alone, four persons gang-raped a young dalit girl in Mathura district. In Meerut, a mother and her daughter who had gone to collect fire-wood, were abducted and raped repeatedly in a forest area by six persons. In Firozabad late Saturday night a 12th standard girl was forcibly taken to a desolate place and gang raped. A youth in Aligarh district raped a girl. The boy, a polytechnic student tied the 13 year old girl with her dupatta and raped her after threatening her life with a pistol. In Allahabad too a 10th standard girl was raped by a truck driver and cleaner,” he pointed out.

The situation is hardly safe in the Agra region for girls who are going out for studies, say the worried parents.
The city of love is turning hostile to the safety of young girls.

Girls are not safe in Agra, say the senior citizens. The predicament is two-fold: more and more girls from the vast rural hinterland and the smaller towns on the periphery of the city are venturing out for work or studies.

"The pomp and glare of the city life lures many who become targets of abuse by predators at large," says Naresh Paras, a human rights activist. The right to education for all and the attraction of free meals, free books, bags, uniforms and even cycles, have facilitated mobility proving  a great motivating factor to bring girls out of their conventional mindsets and backgrounds. "But this trend has also created a whole lot of social problems, failed love affairs, murders, attacks, rapes and cheating and invariably its the young girls who have to suffer," Naresh adds.

While civil society activists blame the political class for callous indifference and complicity in some cases, senior police officials at several interactions recently have targeted changing life-styles and loosening parental grip on children.

Why is the city of love turning into a sex and crime capital of west UP?   Many locals blame the police, others target the changing moral values. "Its a combination of factors and all of us are partly to blame. With  freedom and mobility come a set of problems as predators are on the prowl everywhere," says a woman activist Padmini of Naari and Baal Vikas Samiti.

From April to July, more than a score young girls have become victims of  physical molestation or brutal rapes,  many lifted while sleeping out of their homes with parents in the dark of night. "The girls are brutally raped and then to hide their identity either murdered or mutilated. Of late there have been so many incidents of girls being thrown before running trains. Why the law enforcing agencies are not waking up to these new challenges," asks school teacher Meera Gupta.

"In recent years there has been high migration from the smaller towns and villages on the periphery. These impoverished people live in slums and underdeveloped areas without facilities, exposing the girls and women to crimes," explains activist Madhukar Chaturvedi.

Flesh traders with regular supply of girls from Nepal and other areas bordering Bangladesh to the centuries-old red light areas of Basai, Mal ka Bazar, Seo ka Bazar areas are sustained by the migrant population. "A large supply comes from Bangladesh. In Agra alone there must be at least a few thousand girls from the east married to locals, reflecting the imbalanced sex-ratio.

A random visit to the family courts and the Mahila thanas, gives a fair indication of the rotten state of affairs. You now have young married women revolting against an oppressive system propped up by insane and inhuman mother in laws, or relatives and in most cases drunkard husbands. "One does see a rise in promiscuity also, perhaps fuelled by media or internet. Young girls having affairs and even indulging in pre-marital relations or participating in drink-drug parties, have no qualms about what they describe as the decadent moral values," a human rights activist Megh Singh Yadav says.

In Krishna's land, 'holy' Yamuna is a sickly drain (Feature)

By Brij Khandelwal (12:34) 
Mathura/Vrindavan/Agra, June 7 (IANS) Every day, thousands of devout Vaishnavs from all over the world return disappointed and frustrated from the ghats in Braj mandal, the land of Sri Krishna-Radha, when they see the miserable condition of the Yamuna river, stinking and rotting with pollutants, dead fish and toxins flowing down from upstream industrial clusters in Delhi and Haryana.

Most go to take a holy dip or 'aachman' of the Yamuna, one of the holiest rivers of the Hindus, but the water of the river, which once Babar, the founder of the Mughal empire, described as "better than nectar" fills them with disgust, says Acharya Madhukar Chaturvedi, a Haveli Sangeet specialist.

The ghats along the banks of the river are buried in polluted silt. In Vrindavan, the Yamuna today flows at least 30 metres away from the famous Keshi Ghat.

"Without water in the river, devotees who will throng the river on Ganga Dussehra (June 8) will only feel hurt and cheated. Water should be released from upstream barrages," demand Vrindavan's Maheshanand Saraswati, Shambhu Charan Shukla and other saints. (Ganga Dussehra celebrates the descent of the river to earth).

Some Yamuna devotees and environmental groups have of late begun cleaning up the ghats in Mathura and Vrindavan. The plan is to scoop out earth and create ponds at the ghats for the pilgrims, says Jagan Nath Poddar, convener of the Friends of Vrindavan NGO.

"But without a minimum flow, particularly during the lean months, it is not possible to revive the river or to restore its past glory. Encroachments in the form of concrete structures on both sides are another major problem. With better road connectivity, the number of pilgrim-tourists has increased manyfold. On weekends, lakhs (hundreds of thousands) turn up for a darshan of Bankey Bihari in Vrindavan and a parikrama of the holy Goverdhan hill. When these people go to the Yamuna, the reaction is sharp and negative. One hears only curses and abuses," Poddar told IANS.

In Mathura, the polluted effluents from hundreds of sari-dyeing units discharged in the river have only compounded the problem. After the construction of the Gokul Barrage, the river has distanced itself from the historical Gokul ghats. This obviously causes deep resentment and angry outbursts.

"The water is not fit for a holy dip or aachman. Those who dare to enter the Yamuna downstream of Gokul Barrage return complaining of an itching and burning sensation," according to a panda of Mahavan Radhey Guru.

Reduced to a pale, sickly drain, the glory and grandeur of the Yamuna that attracted the Mughals to build some of the finest monuments like the Taj and Etmaduddaula along its banks will never return, lament the residents of the Yamuna Kinara road in Agra.

While the younger folk have generally stayed away from the stinking river which holds no charm for them, people of the older generations do occasionally venture out to conduct ritualistic pujas and baths. The dozen-odd ghats along the riverfront, which once was the centre of a thriving commercial activity and river culture, have disappeared without a trace, reducing the 10-km-long riverfront to a vast wasteland.

From the Kailash temple to the Dussehra Ghat adjacent to the Taj, there were more than a score of permanent ghats, some of red sandstone and others of marble. Behind the Red Fort there were permanent ghats with highly decorative canopies for the royal females of the Mughals.

Some ghats fell prey to man's indifference, others were razed to the ground by zealous bureaucrats on the late Sanjay Gandhi's orders during the emergency to make way for a "picturesque" river front like Mumbai's Chowpati. But before that dream could materialise, politics took a U-turn and Indira Gandhi was swept out of power in the 1977 general elections after the emergency was lifted.

Today, the river of decadence is an eyesore. Those who take the Yamuna Kinara road are often seen covering their noses to keep away the foul odour of the stinking mess.

Goswami Hari Mohan Shrotriya of the Sri Mathuradheesh temple lamented: "Those were the days when the citizens of Agra used to spend leisurely summer evenings on the river bank, which had a long row of temples. Children used to feed the tortoises and a whole lot of cultural and religious activities used to be held here. But now the people have turned away and have even forgotten there's a river in the city."

Hathi Ghat near the fort still survives but the entire area has been rampaged by transport companies, whose vehicles are parked there. Nathi Lal of Katcheri Ghat warned: "if the ghats disappear, the river culture, the annual melas and tamashas, the tairaki (swimming contests), patangbazi and the mass bathing programmes on festivals would vanish too."

Citizens groups like India Rising have been exerting pressure on the government agencies to take up cleanliness drives, build permanent ghats and dredge out silt from the riverbed to hold back the monsoon overflow, but so far there has been no positive response.

But with Narendra Modi becoming the prime minister and Uma Bharti leading the Ganga cleaning campaign, hopes have once again been revived of some action at the government level to restore the glory of the Yamuna in the Braj area.

The Braj Mandal Heritage Conservation Society has in a memorandum to the prime minister urged him to replicate the Sabarmati model in Agra and Mathura. "The Sabarmati river in Ahmedabad was reduced to a dirty drain, but the Modi government carried out structural changes and the success is there for all to see," society president Surendra Sharma said.

Citizens groups have also sent a memorandum to President Pranab Mukherjee to request involvement and cooperation of the armed forces in what they call "Operation rivers of India clean-up", Colonel (retd) Sudershan Dua told IANS, adding: "The forces have trained manpower and heavy equipment. Each army cantonment can take care of the stretch as in Mathura and Agra, providing backup services to environmental groups to clean up the ghats and scoop out pollutants. Already a situation has been created that calls for a war against river pollution."

(Brij Khandelwal can be contacted at brij.k@ians.in)
GANGA DUSSEHRA WITHOUT WATER IN YAMUNA

Vrindavan/Agra June 7 (IANS)
 
One of the main Hindu 'peak-summer festivals' when a holy dip in the Yamuna or Ganges is mandatory for salvation, Ganga Dussehra falls Sunday.
 
River Ganges, the holiest river for the Hindus, came down to Earth on Ganga Dussehra. "Her birthday is celebrated on Ganga Dussehra with a ritualistic bath in the river, daan of water-melons and kakdi. In Mathura and Vrindavan, temples have special darshans of 'thakur ji'  in phool bunglows, gulab jal and a riot of white flowers, the fragrance of Itar," explains Acharya Madhukar Chaturvedi.
 
"But,  for pilgrims and devouts visiting Yamuna the river water is such a put-off, what with its stink and foul smell filling the nostrils, at the ghats, that those who do dare to take a dip return with a fear and guilt," says Jagan Nath Poddar of Vrindavan. Normally the government agencies release 1000 cusecs extra water for the Dussehra, but this year this has not been done, and therefore the resentment in the saints of Braj area, he adds.
 
In Agra Yamuna bhakts had been protesting and demanding discharge of extra water from the Gokul barrage for the festival. "So far there is no water in Yamuna, wonder how people will take a bath," says Shishir Bhagat, president of Wake Up Agra which formed a human chain in Yamuna two days ago to demand more water in the river.
Each day thousands of devout Vaishnavs from all over the world return disappointed and frustrated from ghats in Braj mandal (the leela bhoomi of Sri Krishna-Radha) when they see the pathetic condition of river Yamuna, stinking and rotting with pollutants, dead fish and toxins, flowing down from industrial clusters upstream, in Delhi and Haryana.
 
Most go to take a holy dip or 'aachman' of the river Yamuna, revered as the consort of Sri Krishna, one of the holiest rivers of the Hindus, but the water of the river which once Babar, the founder of the Mughal empire, described as 'better than nectar'  fills them with disgust. 
 
The ghats along the banks of the river are buried in polluted silt. In Vrindavan, the Yamuna today flows at least 30 metres away from the famous Keshi Ghat. "Without water in the river, devotees who will throng the river on Ganga Dussehra, June 8, will only feel hurt and cheated. Water should be released from upstream barrages," demand Vrindavan's Sant Maheshanand Saraswati, Shambhu Charan Shukla and other saints.
 
Some Yamuna bhakts and environmental groups have of late begun cleaning up the ghats in Mathura and Vrindavan. The plan is to scoop out earth and create ponds at the ghats for the pilgrims, says Jagan Nath Poddar, convener of Friends of Vrindavan. "But without a minimum flow particularly during the lean months, it is not possible to revive the river or to restore its past glory. Encroachments in the form of concrete structures on both sides are another major problem. With better road connectivity the number of pilgrim-tourists has increased many fold. On weekends lakhs turn up for a darshan of Bankey Bihari in Vrindavan and a parikrama of the holy Goverdhan hill. "When these people go to Yamuna, the reaction is sharp, negative. Only curses and abuses, one hears," Poddar adds.
 
In Mathura, the polluted effluents from hundreds of sari-dyeing units discharged in the river, has only compounded the problem. After the construction of the Gokul Barrage, the river has distanced itself from the historical Gokul ghats. This obviously causes deep resentment and angry outbursts. "The water is not fit for a holy dip or achman. Those who dare to enter the Yamuna downstream of Gokul Barrage, return complaining of itching and burning sensation," according to a panda of Mahavan Radhey Guru.
 
Reduced to a pale, sickly nullah, the glory and grandeur of Yamuna that attracted the Mughals to build some of the finest monuments like the Taj and Etmauddaula along its banks, will never return, lament the residents of the Yamuna Kinara road in Agra.

While the younger folks have generally stayed away from the stinking river which holds no charm for them, people of the older generations do occasionally venture out to conduct ritualistic pujas and baths. The dozen odd ghats along the river front which once was the center of a thriving commercial activity and river culture have disappeared without a trace, reducing the ten-kilometer long river front to a vast wasteland.

From Kailash temple to Dussehra Ghat adjacent to the Taj, there were more than a score pucca ghats, some of red sand stones others of marble. Behind the Red Fort there were pucca ghats with highly decorative canopies for the royal females of the Mughals.

Some ghats fell prey to man’s indifference, others were razed to the ground by zealous bureaucrats at late Sanjay Gandhi’s orders during the emergency to make way for a picturesque river front like Mumbai’s Chowpati. But before that dream could materialize politics took a U turn and Indira Gandhi was swept out of power in 1977 elections.

Today, the river of decadence is an eyesore. Those who take the Yamuna Kinara road are often seen covering their noses to keep away the foul odour of the stinking mess. Goswami Hari Mohan Shrotriya of the Sri Mathuradheesh temple laments “those were the days when the whole city of Agra used to spend leisurely summer evenings on the river bank which had a long row of temples, when children used to feed the tortoises and a whole lot of cultural and religious activities used to be performed  here. But now the people have turned away and have even forgotten there’s a river in the city.”

Hathi Ghat near the fort still survives but the whole area has been rampaged by transport companies whose vehicles are parked there. Nathi Lal of Katcheri Ghat warns: “if the ghats disappear, the river culture, the annual melas and tamashas, the tairaki (swimming contests, patangbazi and the mass bathing programmes on festivals would vanish too.”

Citizens groups like India Rising have been exerting pressure on the government agencies to take up cleanliness drives, build pucca ghats and dredge out silt from the river bed to hold back monsoon overflow, but so far there has been no positive response.  

But with Narendra Modi becoming the prime minister, and Uma Bharti leading the Ganga cleaning campaign, hopes have once again been revived of some action at the government level to restore the glory of Yamuna in the Braj area. The Braj Mandal Heritage Conservation Society, in its memorandum sent to the prime minister has urged him to replicate the Sabarmati model in Agra and Mathura. "The Sabarmati river in Ahmedabad was reduced to a dirty drain, but Modi sarkar carried out structural changes and the success is there for all to see,"
says Surendra Sharma, president of the Society.

Citizens groups have also sent a memorandum to the president to request involvement and cooperation of the armed forces in what they call 'operation rivers of India clean-up.' Sudershan Dua, retired colonel  Sunil Chopra and others told IANS "the forces have the trained manpower and the heavy equipments. Each army cantonment can take care of the stretch as in Mathura and Agra, providing back up services to environmental groups to clean up the ghats and scoop out pollutants. Already a situation has been created that calls for a war against river pollution."

Taj Mahal: A victim of man and nature (June 5 is World Environment Day)

By Brij Khandelwal (12:04) 
Agra, June 5 (IANS) India's tourism icon and a symbol of earthly love, the 17th century white marble mausoleum, the Taj Mahal, is a victim of both nature and man. If the monument looks sick and pale to visitors, the reason is the dry and heavily polluted Yamuna that once formed an integral part of the Taj Mahal complex.

Standing tall in the scorching summer sun, the monument of love is enveloped in yellowish sand from the neighbouring Rajasthan desert. Any discernible visitor can tell that the summer heat is taking its toll on the Taj Mahal, the timeless monument of love, blasted by sand from the dry Yamuna bed and the dust-laden winds from the Rajasthan desert.

The gaps left by illegal mining in the Aravali ranges have raised the SPM (suspended particulate matter) in Agra. Against a standard of 100 microns per cubic metre, it remains as high as 300, touching 500 during summer months. The problem is that sandy particles rub against the monument and leave pock marks that make the surface rough, as has been pointed out by many studies.

However, conservationists say that the crisis the Taj confronts comes not merely from nature and pollution but also from people themselves - too many tourists and too many vehicles that bring them to Agra. The number of vehicles in the city has shot up from around 40,000 in 1985 when Firozabad too was part of the Agra district, to more than a million now. The opening of the Yamuna Expressway has increased vehicular traffic, while the pressure of heavy vehicles on the Delhi-Kolkatta and Delhi-Mumbai national highways passing through Agra has increased phenomenally.

Adding to its fatigue is the ever-increasing human load. From a few hundred daily some decades ago, the Taj today is daily visited by thousands. Last year six million tourists visited the fragile monument. This number does not include children below 15 years for whom entry is free. For five days in a year the entry to the monument is free for everyone. The tourism industry that thrives on milching the Taj Mahal wants more sops for visitors to attract more visitors, but the conservationists want restrictions imposed to gradually reduce the human load.

Surendra Sharma, president of the Braj Heritage Society, wants graded entry fees and online ticket booking. "The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) must fix a limit on visitors. Booking can be done online to restrict the number and prevent alleged re-sale of entry tickets," he says.

Visitors who see the Taj Mahal for the first time never forget to ask the guides: "Is it turning yellow?" The explanation given by the guides is that it is the natural ageing process and has nothing to do with industrial pollution, as all polluting industries in the Agra region have been shut down by the Supreme Court.

To ensure dazzling whiteness and remove stains left behind by pollutants on the Taj Mahal, originally called Bagh-e-Baahist, or heavenly garden, the ASI carries out periodic "Multani mitti" (Fuller's earth) treatment. The white marble surface is also washed with soap and water Fridays, when the monument breathes freely on its weekly off.

"When thousands of tourists invade the serene monument every day, leaving behind hand and foot marks on the white stones and tonnes of noxious gases through breathing, the cumulative affect on the fragile structure is huge. Only a few tourists are genuinely aware of the historic significance of the monument and its great heritage value, there are hordes of others who care nothing for the sanctity of the Taj," Rajeev Tiwari, president of the Tourism and Travel Agents Association, told IANS.

"Each Friday, when the mausoleum is closed for tourists, the Muslim faithful are allowed free entry to offer prayers. During the annual Urs of emperor Shah Jahan, the entry is free for three days and the number exceeds 50,000 daily," he added.

Tiwari recalled that in the past, a visit to the Taj was "almost like a spiritual journey to a shrine".

According to heritage photographer Lalit, "the hyped-up romanticism attached to the monument and the guides spinning out cheap gossipy yarns to titillate the tourists have in a way defiled the sanctity of the structure".

Abhinav Jain, a tourism industry leader, said: "The mausoleum must have been originally designed for 50 or 100 visitors a day. But now there is no end. With the tourism department and the Agra Development Authority making extra efforts to promote tourism, the number will continue to rise."

According to Jain, there has to be a better way of regulating visitors inside the Taj.

"It is time they had a system in place allowing a specific number of visitors inside the Taj for a fixed period. Also online reservation facility should be made available so that the entry is orderly and spread out," he added.

While the human load problem will be sorted out shortly, as a number of studies are being conducted by the ASI, the sad state of the Yamuna river at the rear is a huge problem that defies solution. According to Ved Goutam, a tour guide, Agra has already become a desert.

"When you see the camels moving around on the dry river bed, one gets the impression that Agra is in a desert, a part of Rajasthan," he said.

The ASI has restored the Mehtab Bagh at the rear of the Taj Mahal and the state forest department has developed a dense green buffer along the river bank on the opposite side.

But the major problem is the Yamuna, which has been reduced to a "sewage canal".

Shyam Singh Yadav, a retired chief horticulturist of the ASI, said: "It was a herculean task developing a well laid-out green heritage garden behind the Taj."

However, conservationists are skeptical whether this small patch of green can insulate the Taj from the high SPM level at the peak of the summer.

"If there is no fresh supply of water in the river that touches the Taj foundation to provide a shock-absorbing buffer to insulate the building from seismic movements, the fear is that the monument could tilt, cave in or struggle for stability," fears eminent Mughal historian R. Nath.

(Brij Khandelwal can be contacted at brik.k@ians.in)
TAJ MAHAL:  A  VICTIM OF MAN AND NATURE
 
 
Agra June 4 (IANS)
 
India's tourism icon and a symbol of earthly love, the 17th century white marble mausolem, the Taj Mahal in Agra, is a victim of both nature and man.
 
If the monument looks sick and pale  to visitors the reason is the dry and heavily polluted Yamuna that once formed an integral part of the Taj Mahal complex. 
 
Standing tall in scorching summer sun the  monument of love is enveloped in yellowish sand from the neighbouring Rajasthan desert. Any discernible visitor can tell that the   summer heat is taking its toll on the Taj Mahal, the timeless monument of love, blasted by sand from the dry Yamuna bed and the dust-laden winds from the Rajasthan desert. 
 
The gaps left by illegal mining in the Aravali ranges, has raised the SPM (suspended particulate matter) in Agra. Against a standard of 100 microns per cubic metre, it remains as high as 300 touching 500 during summer months. The problem is that sandy particles rub against the monument and leave pox marks leaving the surface rough, as has been pointed out by many studies.

However, conservationists say that the crisis the Taj confronts comes not merely from nature and pollution but also from people themselves - too many tourists and too many vehicles that bring them to Agra. The number of vehicles in the city has shot up from around 40,000 in 1985 when Firozabad too was part of the Agra district, to now more than a million. The opening of the Yamuna Expressway has increased vehicular traffic. The pressure of heavy vehicles on the Delhi Kolkatta and Delhi Mumbai national highways passing through Agra, has increased phenomenally.
 
Adding to its fatigue is the ever-increasing human load. From a few hundred daily some decades ago, the Taj is daily visited by thousands. Last year six million tourists visited the fragile monument. This number does not include children below 15 years for whom entry is free. For five days in a year the entry to the monument is free for everyone. The tourism industry that thrives on milching the Taj Mahal wants more sops for visitors to attract more visitors, but the conservationists want restrictions imposed to gradually reduce the human load.
Surendra Sharma, president of the Braj Heritage Society wants graded entry fees and online ticket booking. "The Archaeological Survey of India must fix a limit on visitors. Booking can be done online to restrict number and prevent alleged re-sale of entry tickets," he says.
 
Visitors who see the Taj Mahal for the first time never forget to ask the guides "is it turning yellow?" The explanation given by the guides is that its natural ageing process and has nothing to do with industrial pollution, as all polluting industries in Agra region have been shut down by the Supreme Court.
 
To ensure dazzling whiteness and remove stains left behind by pollutants on the Taj Mahal, originally called Bagh e Baahist, a heavenly garden, the Archaeological Survey of India carries out periodic multani mitti (Fuller's earth) treatment. The white marble surface is washed with soap and water too on Fridays when the monument breathes freely to enjoy its weekly off.
 

"When thousands of tourists 'invade' the serene monument every day, leaving behind hand and foot marks on the white stones, and tonnes of noxious gases through breathing, the cumulative affect on the fragile structure is huge.  Only a few tourists are genuinely aware of the historic significance of the monument and its great heritage value, there are hordes of others who care nothing for the sanctity of the Taj. 
"Each Friday, when the mausoleum is closed for tourists, Muslim faithfuls are allowed free entry to offer prayers. During the annual Urs of emperor Shah Jahan, the entry is free for three days and the number exceeds 50,000 daily," Rajeev Tiwari, president of the Tourism and Travel Agents Association, said. 
Tiwari recalled that in the past a visit to the Taj was "almost like a spiritual journey to a shrine". 
According to heritage photographer Lalit, "the hyped-up romanticism attached to the monument and the guides spinning out cheap gossipy yarns to titillate the tourists have in a way defiled the sanctity of the structure". 
Abhinav Jain, a tourism industry leader, said: "The mausoleum must have been originally designed for 50 or 100 visitors a day. But now there is no end. With the tourism department and the Agra Development Authority making extra efforts to promote tourism, the number will continue to rise." 

According to Jain, there has to be a better way of regulating visitors inside the Taj. 

He said: "It is time they had a system in place, allowing a specific number of visitors inside the Taj for a fixed period. Also online reservation facility should be made available so that the entry is orderly and spread out." 

While the problem of human load will be sorted out shortly, as a number of studies are being conducted by the ASI, the sad state of the Yamuna river at the rear is a huge problem that defies solution. According to Ved Goutam, a tour guide,
Agra has already become a desert. 

"When you see the camels moving around on the dry river bed, one gets the impression that
Agra is in a desert, a part of the Rajasthan state," he said. 

The Archaeological Survey of
India (ASI) has restored the Mehtab Bagh at the rear of the Taj Mahal and the state forest department has developed a dense green buffer along the river bank on the opposite side. 

But the major problem is the Yamuna, which has been reduced to a "sewage canal." 

Shyam Singh Yadav, retired chief horticulturist of the ASI, said "it was a herculean task developing a well laid out green heritage garden behind the Taj".
 

However, conservationists remain worried whether this small patch of green can insulate the Taj from the high SPM (suspended particulate matter) level at the peak of the summer. 
"If there is no fresh supply of water in the river that touches the Taj foundation to provide a shock-absorbing buffer to insulate the building from seismic movements, the fear is that the monument could tilt, cave in or struggle for stability," fears eminent Mughal historian R Nath.
VANISHING GHATS OF YAMUNA

HUNDREDS of Krishna Bhakts return disappointed and deeply frustrated each day from river Yamuna, when they can’t take a holy dip or achman even on festivals, because of the filth and effluents, heaps of dirt and dead bodies flowing down from cities upstream of Agra.

Reduced to a pale, sickly nullah, the glory and grandeur of Yamuna that attracted the Mughals to build some of the finest monuments like the Taj and Etmauddaula along its banks, will never return, lament the residents of the Yamuna Kinara road.

While the younger folks have generally stayed away from the stinking river which holds no charm for them, people of the older generations do occasionally venture out to conduct ritualistic pujas and baths. The dozen odd ghats along the river front which once was the center of a thriving commercial activity and river culture have disappeared without a trace, reducing the ten kilometer long river front to a vast wasteland.

From Kailash temple to Dussehra Ghat adjacent to the Taj, there were more than a score pucca ghats, some of red sand stones others of marble. Behind the Red Fort there were pucca ghats with highly decorative canopies for the royal females of the Mughals.

Some ghats fell prey to man’s indifference, others were razed to the ground by zealous bureaucrats at late Sanjay Gandhi’s orders during the emergency to make way for a picturesque river front like Mumbai’s Chowpati. But before that dream could materialize politics took a U turn and Indira Gandhi was swept out of power in 1977 elections.

Today, the river of decadence is an eyesore. Those who take the Yamuna Kinara road are often seen covering their noses to keep away the foul odour of the stinking mess.
Goswami Hari Mohan Shrotriya of the Mathuradheesh temple laments “those were the days when the whole city of Agra used to spend leisurely summer evenings on the river bank which had a long row of temples, when children used to feed the tortoises and a whole lot of cultural and religious activities used to be performed  here. But now the people have turned away and have even forgotten there’s a river in the city.”

Hathi Ghat near the fort still survives but the whole area has been rampaged by transport companies whose vehicles are parked there. Nathi Lal of Katcheri Ghat warns: “if the ghats disappear, the river culture, the annual melas and tamashas, the tairaki (swimming contests, patangbazi and the mass bathing programmes on festivals would vanish too.”

NGOs like the Yamuna Foundation for Blue Water and Jan Abhiyan Samiti have been exerting pressure on the government agencies to take up cleanliness drives, build pucca ghats and dredge out silt from the river bed to hold back monsoon overflow, but so far there has been no positive response. ENDS



When thousands of devouts all along the river bank in Agra took a holy dip on Ganga Dussehra Monday morning, they came out cursing and abusing the powers that be for the stinking and polluted water in Yamuna

Each day hundreds of Krishna Bhakts in Vrindavan, Mathura and Agra return disappointed and deeply frustrated  from river Yamuna, when they can’t take a holy dip or achman even on festivals, because of the filth and effluents, heaps of dirt and dead bodies flowing down.
 
Reduced to a pale, sickly nullah, the glory and grandeur of Yamunathat attracted the Mughals to build some of the finest monuments like the Taj and Etmauddaula along its banks, will never return, lament the residents of the Yamuna Kinara road.
 
While the younger folks have generally stayed away from the stinking river which holds no charm for them, people of the older generations do occasionally venture out to conduct ritualistic pujas and baths.

The dozen odd ghats along the river front which once was the center of a thriving commercial activity and river culture have disappeared without a trace, reducing the ten kilometer long river front to a vast wasteland.
 
From Kailash temple to Dussehra Ghat adjacent to the Taj, there were more than a score pucca ghats, some of red sand stones others of marble. Behind the Red Fort there were pucca ghats with highly decorative canopies for the royal females of the Mughals.
 
Some ghats fell prey to man’s indifference, others were razed to the ground by zealous bureaucrats at late Sanjay Gandhi’s orders during the emergency to make way for a picturesque river front like Mumbai’s Chowpati. But before that dream could materialize politics took a U turn and Indira Gandhi was swept out of power in 1977 elections.
 
Today, the river of decadence is an eyesore. Those who take theYamuna Kinara road are often seen covering their noses to keep away the foul odour of the stinking mess.
Goswami Hari Mohan Shrotriya of the Mathuradheesh temple laments “those were the days when the whole city of Agra used to spend leisurely summer evenings on the river bank which had a long row of temples, when children used to feed the tortoises and a whole lot of cultural and religious activities used to be performed  here. But now the people have turned away and have even forgotten there’s a river in the city.”
 
Hathi Ghat near the fort still survives but the whole area has been rampaged by transport companies whose vehicles are parked there. Nathi Lal of Katcheri Ghat warns: “if the ghats disappear, the river culture, the annual melas and tamashas, the tairaki (swimming contests, patangbazi and the mass bathing programmes on festivals would vanish too.”
 
NGOs like the Yamuna Foundation for Blue Water and Braj Mandal Heritage Conservation Society have been exerting pressure on the government agencies to take up cleanliness drives, build puccaghats and dredge out silt from the river bed to hold back monsoon overflow, but so far there has been no positive response.

To add to the confusion, a new bridge being constructed on the river, opposite Etmauddaula, has only worsened the situation. "We do not know what the series of Yamuna Action Plans have accomplished so far. The result is largely zero," says Jal Purush Ram Avtar Sharma.  

MEMO ON YAMUNA CLEANING

सेवा मे 
माननीय प्रधानमंत्री जी
भारत सरकार
नयी दिल्ली
                              विषय- पुण्य सलिला मां यमुना को प्रदूषण मुक्त की योजना के क्रियांन्वयन हेतु

श्रीमान प्रधानमंत्री जी
                   
आपने पुनः एक बार भारत को गौरवान्वित किया है। आपके जैसे योग्य अनुभवी भगवदीय और सामाजिक
मेल-जोल जैसे प्रभावशाली व्यक्तित्व की सदैव भारत को आवश्यकता रही है किंवा आज पहली बार वासन्ति वसुधा की कनक बेल मां यमुना को प्रदूषण से मुक्त कराने की उम्मीद जागी है। आज ब्रज मे मां यमुना और उसके पुत्र गंभीर जल संकट के दौर से गुजर रहे है।नदियों के सम्बन्ध मे कभी यह धारणा थी वह अनन्त एवं भरपूर है,लेकिन यह दुःखद सच्चाई है कि यमुना प्रदूषण एक बडी समस्या के रुप मे उभर रहा है।

मां यमुना नदी ही नही है ब्रज वसुन्धरा की निधि है कृष्ण की केलि,पल्लवों को पुलिन रज की स्वामिनी के साथ धरोहरो व संस्कृति की पोषक रही है परन्तु आज मानवकृत प्रदूषण ने उसे मरने को छोड़ दिया है। आगरा मे ब्रजमंड़ल हैरिटेज कंन्जवरवेशन सोसाइटी विगत कई वर्षो से यमुना को प्रदूषण मुक्त कराने लिये वो सभी कार्यक्रम कर चुकी है जो आज हमारी व्यवस्था के पाराम्परिक चिन्ह बन गये है लेकिन हासिल कुछ भी नही हुआ। वर्ष 2012-13 मे हमारी संस्था के सदस्यो द्वारा अहमदाबाद जाकर साबरमती नदी और उसको प्रदूषण मुक्त कराने की कार्ययोजना का अध्ययन और निरीक्षण किया गया। अहमदाबाद से वापस आनेे के बाद जल दिवस की संध्या पर आयोजित गोष्ठी मे तत्कालीन व वर्तमान संसाद श्री रामशंकर कठेरिया को यमुना सफाई के लिये साबरमती कार्ययोजना का प्रारुप सौंपा गया जिससे वह संसद तक इसे पहुंचा सके। कारण कुछ भी रहा हो यमुना आज भी धीरे धीरे प्राणान्त हो ओर ही जा रही है।

 आप के प्रधानमंत्री बनने से मां यमुना की प्रदुषण से मुक्ति के द्वार खुल सकते है क्योकि मां यमुना हमारे गुजरात से पोषित होती है गुजरात की अधिकांश हवेलियों मे मां यमुना नित्य पूज्य है।। आपने साबरमति को पुनः अनन्त जलधारा मे परिवर्तित कर जनमानस को जीने की एक आशा प्रदान की है। अतः हमे पूर्ण आशा एवं विश्वास कि आप मां यमुना को साबरमती की तरह प्रदूषण से मुक्त करा कांलिन्दी के कूल को आचमन युक्त बनायेगें तथा हमारे ताज की सुन्दरता मे एक सितारा भी ...............जय हो आपकी....... नमो नमो.......... जय हो 

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